Summary
Online-SPE method development includes applications to raw and drinking water. Only the explicitly labeled drinking-water application column is eligible for occurrence rows.
Key numbers
Source-reported values checked against the cited page of the filed PDF. Values are reported as printed, without conversion. These are selected records, not an exhaustive transcription.
| analyte | value | unit | basis | source location | limits and qualifiers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOA | 0.1-63.6 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFBS | 0.2-6.0 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFHxA | 0.2-8.4 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFNA | 0.1-1.6 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFOS | 0.3-2.4 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p12, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| HFPO-DA | 0.2-2.6 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p12, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFHxS | 0.2-3.5 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p12, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
| PFDA | 0.2 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p12, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded. |
Evidence Fitness
Source classification: primary_measurement. MANIFEST tier: PRIMARY. This is a selected, bounded transcription, not an exhaustive extraction of every result in the paper. Each selected number has its own PDF page or table locator. Values for different matrices, isomers, statistics and aggregate assays are not interchangeable.
Methods (brief)
Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS in negative-ion MRM mode, PDF pp1-2 and Tables 1-3. Full target list in Table 2; ambient application in Table 5.
Detection limits and censoring: PFOA LOD 0.03, LOQ 0.1 ng/L; PFOS LOD 0.1, LOQ 0.3 ng/L, PDF p9 Table 3. Recovery-test concentrations are excluded.
Limitations
Provenance notes
Citation metadata verified against PDF p1, title, author byline, journal citation or masthead, and DOI.. Article DOI appears in the supplied PDF and matches the MANIFEST case-insensitively. Original file: 2025_CHEN_determination-of-51-per-and-polyfluoroalkyl.pdf. SHA-256: 4d56979ac2ec3df49654d68d5105d08a98cc6c0b4dacdfdbf6bc274a7902bce3. Original MANIFEST remains in the copied packet; discrepancies are listed without modifying it. Commercial analyte synonyms, instrument brands and manufacturer names are generalized in authored index prose.