PFBS

73 source-reported values from 26 filed studies. Values are shown as printed in each source, with the basis and page. Studies differ in samples, methods and limits, so values are not directly comparable. Measured samples do not represent every product on the market.

Identity

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid. Terminology authority. This citation supports the label only.

TODO: verify the applicable chemical form and identifier before populating a CAS field. Class and aggregate measurement pages require a scope definition rather than an assumed substance identifier.

Occurrence evidence

product	value	unit	basis	source location	source
Seafood	ND	ng/g	Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD	PDF p.5, Table 2, PFBS row, Control column	Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	0.08 (0.04-0.13)	µg/kg	Coregonus wartmanni fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 20); average (min-max)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Coregonus wartmanni Av (min-max) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	45%	µg/kg	Coregonus wartmanni fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 20); frequency of positives above LOQ	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Coregonus wartmanni F (%) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	0.05 (0.01-0.07)	µg/kg	Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); average (min-max)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Perca fluviatilis Av (min-max) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	11%	µg/kg	Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); frequency of positives above LOQ	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Perca fluviatilis F (%) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	0.01 (0.01-0.02)	µg/kg	Squalius cephalus fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 7); average (min-max)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Squalius cephalus Av (min-max) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout)	29%	µg/kg	Squalius cephalus fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 7); frequency of positives above LOQ	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Squalius cephalus F (%) column	Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Infant Formula	57	ng kg−1	Pooled infant formula; reported PFBS occurrence	PDF p.12 section 3.3; limit p.4 Table 1	Confirmatory Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Milk and Infant Formula Using UHPLC-MS/MS
Breast milk	4	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Shanghai (n = 10); average	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Shanghai Conc. column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	<4-11	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Shanghai (n = 10); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Shanghai range in parentheses column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	5	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Jiaxing (n = 10); average	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Jiaxing Conc. column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	<4-8	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Jiaxing (n = 10); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Jiaxing range in parentheses column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	4	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Shaoxing (n = 10); average	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Shaoxing Conc. column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	<4-6	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Shaoxing (n = 10); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Shaoxing range in parentheses column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	7	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Stockholm (n = 10); average	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Stockholm Conc. column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Breast milk	<4-21	pg/mL	Mother's milk, Stockholm (n = 10); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, L-PFBS row, Stockholm range in parentheses column	Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
Liquid milk, cow	ND	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F12	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	ND	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F13	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	0.085	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F15	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	ND	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F19	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	ND	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F20	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	ND	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F27	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Liquid milk, cow	0.066	µg/kg	Cow bulk milk; farm F36	PDF p.11 Table 4; limits p.10	Preliminary Assessment of Co-Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bovine and Goat Milk in Algeria
Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian)	0.70	ng/L	bottled-water mean as printed; non-detect mean retained literally	PDF p. 8, Table 1, Bottled Water Mean	Unregulated and Regulated PFASs in Bottled and Tap Water: Occurrence, Co-Occurrence Patterns, and Implications for Human Health and Regulatory Frameworks
Liquid milk, cow	N.D.	pg g−1	Raw cow milk fraction Skimmed; mean ± SD	PDF p.6 Table 2	First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction
Liquid milk, cow	0.23 ± 0.50	pg g−1	Raw cow milk fraction Cream; mean ± SD	PDF p.6 Table 2	First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction
Liquid milk, cow	N.D.	pg g−1	Raw cow milk fraction Whole Milk; mean ± SD	PDF p.6 Table 2	First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction
Tap drinking water	3.4	ng/L	drinking-water sample D1	PDF p3, Table 1, D1 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	3.4	ng/L	drinking-water sample D2	PDF p3, Table 1, D2 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	19	ng/L	drinking-water sample D3	PDF p3, Table 1, D3 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	2.3	ng/L	drinking-water sample D4	PDF p3, Table 1, D4 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	1.0	ng/L	drinking-water sample D5	PDF p3, Table 1, D5 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	0.54	ng/L	drinking-water sample D6	PDF p3, Table 1, D6 row	Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands
Tap drinking water	0.20 (0.19, 0.25)	ng/L	median (IQR), detected archived tap-water samples only	PDF p3, Table 2, PFBS	Tap Water Contributions to Plasma Concentrations of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Nationwide Prospective Cohort of U.S. Women
Tap drinking water	10.5 [5.9, 15.0]	ng/L	activated-carbon filtered tap water; median [min, max] among quantifiable results or printed <LOQ	PDF p3, Table 2, filtered tap water with AC	Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and blood samples during pregnancy
Tap drinking water	1.74 [0.22, 3.5]	ng/L	surface-water-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment	PDF p5, Table 2, surface-water-derived drinking-water column	Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water
Tap drinking water	76.9	ng/L	drinking-water site P6, targeted quantified concentration	PDF p8, section 3.1 Quantitative Study	Non-Targeted PFAS Suspect Screening and Quantification of Drinking Water Samples Collected through Community Engaged Research in North Carolina’s Cape Fear River Basin
Tap drinking water	≤13	ng/L	current public-water samples, reported upper concentration	PDF p6, section 3.2 Water	Elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in tap water and serum in a community near an abandoned paper mill
Tap drinking water	0.2-6.0	ng/L	drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value	PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column	Determination of 51 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in raw water and drinking water by online solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Breast milk	n.d.-8.1	ng/L	Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); range	PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFBS row, follow-up range column	Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016
Breast milk	n.d.	ng/L	Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); median	PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFBS row, follow-up median column	Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016
Breast milk	n.d.	ng/L	Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); 95th percentile	PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFBS row, follow-up P95 column	Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016
Carpet cleaners	0	%	German consumer products, Cleaner samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected	PDF p.7, Table 3, PFBS row, Cleaner column	Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products
Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear	0	%	German consumer products, Outdoor samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected	PDF p.7, Table 3, PFBS row, Outdoor column	Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products
Carpet cleaners	45	%	German consumer products, Carpet samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected	PDF p.7, Table 3, PFBS row, Carpet column	Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products
Breast milk	<LOD	ng/mL	Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); maximum	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, Max column	Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples
Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian)	< LOQ	ng/L	detected below quantification in bottled-water group; paper lists six labels while saying seven	PDF p. 10 (56545), Occurrence in bottled water samples	Occurrence and health risk assessment of PFAS and possible precursors: a case study in a drinking water treatment plant and bottled water (south Catalonia, Spain)
Liquid milk, cow	0.0012	µg/kg	Cow milk; source table mean	PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2	Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment
Liquid milk, cow	0.0012	µg/kg	Cow milk; source table median	PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2	Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment
Liquid milk, cow	<LOQ-0.0012	µg/kg	Cow milk; source table range	PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2	Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment
Eggs	<LOQ	µg/kg	Chickens eggs; source table mean	PDF p.4 Tables 2 to 3; LOQs p.3 Table 1	Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances
Children's products	33	µg/m²	Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); detection frequency (%)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, DF (%) column	Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment
Children's products	0.11	µg/m²	Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); mean migration (as reported)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Mean [μg/m²] column	Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment
Children's products	<LOQ - 0.41	µg/m²	Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); range of migration	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Range [μg/m²] column	Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment
Infant Formula	18/20 (90)	count (%)	Infant formula; Frequency	PDF p.9 Table 1	Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT
Infant Formula	0.096 ± 0.03	ng/g dry weight	Infant formula; Mean ± SD	PDF p.9 Table 1	Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT
Infant Formula	0.09	ng/g dry weight	Infant formula; Median	PDF p.9 Table 1	Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT
Infant Formula	0.04-0.13	ng/g dry weight	Infant formula; Min-Max	PDF p.9 Table 1	Study of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Infant Formulas and Baby Bottles: Data from the European LIFE-MILCH PROJECT
Children's products	8.2% (5/61)	%	Children's and bedding textile products, US (n = 61, targeted analysis); detection frequency (detected/analyzed)	PDF p.5, Table 3, PFBS row, targeted, number of detections column	How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents?
Children's products	34.4	ng/g	same; maximum	PDF p.5, Table 3, PFBS row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/g) column	How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents?
Children's products	0.872	ng/cm2	same; maximum	PDF p.5, Table 3, PFBS row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/cm2) column	How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents?
Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian)	0.37	ng/L	bottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literal	PDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f	Tap vs Bottled: Assessing PFAS Levels and Exposure Risks in Singapore’s Drinking Water
Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear	24.0	ng/g	Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); detection frequency (%)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, School uniform DF column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear	ND-6.47	ng/g	Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, School uniform Range column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear	37.5	ng/g	Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); detection frequency (%)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Outdoor wear DF column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear	ND-2.44	ng/g	Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Outdoor wear Range column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Children's products	6.25	ng/g	Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); detection frequency (%)	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Miscellaneous DF column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Children's products	ND-0.021	ng/g	Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); range	PDF p.5, Table 1, PFBS row, Miscellaneous Range column	Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms
Breast milk	25.3	ng/L	Human milk, China (n = 1,151); detection rate (%)	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, DR (%) column	Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications
Breast milk	<LOQ	ng/L	Human milk, China (n = 1,151); minimum	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, Min column	Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications
Breast milk	<LOQ	ng/L	Human milk, China (n = 1,151); median	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, 50th column	Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications
Breast milk	2.788	ng/L	Human milk, China (n = 1,151); 95th percentile	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, 95th column	Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications
Breast milk	30.42	ng/L	Human milk, China (n = 1,151); maximum	PDF p.6, Table 2, PFBS row, Max column	Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications

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PFBS

Identity

Occurrence evidence

Analytical methods

Regulatory references

Sources

References

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