Skip to content

Search the reference

Scientific profiles are awaiting evidence review.

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment

Quoted values stay tied to the cited study. Empty sections are gaps.

Summary

Selected cow milk concentration statistics and non-detects from the species-specific tables.

Key numbers

Source-reported values checked against the cited page of the filed PDF. Values are reported as printed, without conversion. These are selected records, not an exhaustive transcription.

analytevalueunitbasissource locationlimits and qualifiers
PFOS0.0017µg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFOS0.0014µg/kgCow milk; source table medianPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFOS<LOQ-0.0034µg/kgCow milk; source table rangePDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFOA0.0016µg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFOA0.0015µg/kgCow milk; source table medianPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFOA<LOQ-0.0023µg/kgCow milk; source table rangePDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFNA0.0015µg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFNA0.0015µg/kgCow milk; source table medianPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFNA<LOQ-0.0016µg/kgCow milk; source table rangePDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFDA0.0021µg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFDA0.0021µg/kgCow milk; source table medianPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFDA<LOQ-0.0021µg/kgCow milk; source table rangePDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFBS0.0012µg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFBS0.0012µg/kgCow milk; source table medianPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFBS<LOQ-0.0012µg/kgCow milk; source table rangePDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg. Individual-analyte statistics are retained as printed; no reconstruction from sum statistics.
PFHxS<LOQµg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg.
PFHxA<LOQµg/kgCow milk; source table meanPDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2LOQ 0.001 µg/kg.

Evidence Fitness

Methods (brief)

LC-MS/MS with isotope-labeled internal standards; extraction and solid-phase cleanup (PDF pp.3 to 4).

Targets as printed or genericized: PFBS; PFPeS; PFHxS; PFHpS; linear and branched PFOS; PFHxA; PFHpA; PFOA; PFNA; PFDA; PFUnDA; PFDoA; PFTrDA; PFTeDA (PDF p.2 analytes of interest).

Limitations

Goat and sheep results are excluded from this cell. Source individual-analyte means should not be summed to reconstruct lower-bound totals. No total fluorine measurement is supported by the methods. No conversions, risk thresholds, representativeness claims, or safety conclusions are added.

Provenance notes

Local staged PDF copied unchanged. DOI checked in deposited PDF against MANIFEST; no external resolution attempted. Title and citation metadata checked against the PDF first page.

See the cell MISMATCHES.csv for unresolved discrepancies. The legacy MANIFEST analyte field is discovery metadata, not an audited target list.

Wiki pages updated on ingest

Liquid milk, cow

PFBS

PFDA

PFHxA

PFHxS

PFNA

PFOA

PFOS