| Seafood | ND | ng/g | Fish cake, untreated control, Korea; mean ± SD | PDF p.5, Table 2, PFHxA row, Control column | Reduction of perfluorinated compound content in fish cake and swimming crab by different cooking methods |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.05 (0.02-0.07) | µg/kg | Cyprinus carpio fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); average (min-max) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Cyprinus carpio Av (min-max) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 18% | µg/kg | Cyprinus carpio fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 11); frequency of positives above LOQ | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Cyprinus carpio F (%) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 0.22 (0.01-1.10) | µg/kg | Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); average (min-max) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Perca fluviatilis Av (min-max) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 26% | µg/kg | Perca fluviatilis fillets, Switzerland 2022-2024 (N = 38); frequency of positives above LOQ | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Perca fluviatilis F (%) column | Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes |
| Cereal grains | 1.07 | ng/g w.w. | Rice, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Rice row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Cereal grains | 1.39 | ng/g w.w. | Flour, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Flour row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 1.02 | ng/g w.w. | Pork, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Pork row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 1.21 | ng/g w.w. | Beef, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Beef row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 1.02 | ng/g w.w. | Chicken, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Chicken row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Meat and poultry | 1.69 | ng/g w.w. | Liver, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Liver row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 1.08 | ng/g w.w. | Salmon, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Salmon row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 1.20 | ng/g w.w. | Oyster, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Oyster row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 0.87 | ng/g w.w. | Shrimp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Shrimp row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 0.98 | ng/g w.w. | Clam, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Clam row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Seafood | 1.07 | ng/g w.w. | Squid, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Squid row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Fish, freshwater (tilapia, catfish, trout) | 1.04 | ng/g w.w. | Grass Carp, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Grass Carp row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Eggs | 0.82 | ng/g w.w. | Egg, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Egg row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Liquid milk, cow | 0.03 | ng/mL | Milk, Taiwan market samples (n = 10); median | PDF p.5, Table 2, Milk row, PFHxA row, PFHxA median column | Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods and the dietary exposure among Taiwan general population and pregnant women |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | 0.24 | ng/L | bottled-water mean as printed; non-detect mean retained literally | PDF p. 8, Table 1, Bottled Water Mean | Unregulated and Regulated PFASs in Bottled and Tap Water: Occurrence, Co-Occurrence Patterns, and Implications for Human Health and Regulatory Frameworks |
| Liquid milk, cow | 6.86 ± 11.80 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Skimmed; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Liquid milk, cow | 12.42 ± 21.10 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Cream; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Liquid milk, cow | 3.94 ± 8.60 | pg g−1 | Raw cow milk fraction Whole Milk; mean ± SD | PDF p.6 Table 2 | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| Tap drinking water | 5.3 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D1 | PDF p3, Table 1, D1 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 4.7 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D2 | PDF p3, Table 1, D2 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 2.9 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D3 | PDF p3, Table 1, D3 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 0.29 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D4 | PDF p3, Table 1, D4 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 0.27 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D5 | PDF p3, Table 1, D5 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | <0.1 | ng/L | drinking-water sample D6 | PDF p3, Table 1, D6 row | Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands |
| Tap drinking water | 9.52 | ng/L | median in treated water; source uses zero for ND in statistical analysis | PDF p5, section 3.1 | Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water Treatment Plants from Korea: Occurrence and Human Exposure |
| Tap drinking water | 12.0 [10.0, 16.0] | ng/L | unfiltered tap water; median [min, max] among quantifiable results or printed <LOQ | PDF p3, Table 2, unfiltered tap-water column | Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in paired tap water and blood samples during pregnancy |
| Tap drinking water | 3.34 [0.3, 8.8] | ng/L | surface-water-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment | PDF p5, Table 2, surface-water-derived drinking-water column | Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water |
| Tap drinking water | 0.15 [0.03, 0.35] | ng/L | groundwater-derived produced drinking water; median [min, max], including source censoring treatment | PDF p5, Table 2, groundwater-derived drinking-water column | Occurrence, Fate, and Related Health Risks of PFAS in Raw and Produced Drinking Water |
| Tap drinking water | 62.6 | ng/L | drinking-water site P6, targeted quantified concentration | PDF p8, section 3.1 Quantitative Study | Non-Targeted PFAS Suspect Screening and Quantification of Drinking Water Samples Collected through Community Engaged Research in North Carolina’s Cape Fear River Basin |
| Tap drinking water | 0.2-8.4 | ng/L | drinking-water application samples; content range or single reported value | PDF p11, Table 5, Drinking water Content column | Determination of 51 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in raw water and drinking water by online solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| Paperboard cartons | below their respective LOQs | µg/kg | Migration into all four simulants under standardized conditions | PDF p.7, section 2.3.2 and Figure 3 caption | Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study |
| Breast milk | n.d.-28 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); range | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFHxA row, follow-up range column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | n.d. | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); median | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFHxA row, follow-up median column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Breast milk | 16 | ng/L | Breast milk, Austria, follow-up study 2014-2016 (n = 40); 95th percentile | PDF p.11, Table 3, follow-up study block, PFHxA row, follow-up P95 column | Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016 |
| Carpet cleaners | 0 | % | German consumer products, Cleaner samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFHxA row, Cleaner column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 56 | % | German consumer products, Outdoor samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFHxA row, Outdoor column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Carpet cleaners | 40 | % | German consumer products, Carpet samples (percentage with detected PFAS); percentage of samples detected | PDF p.7, Table 3, PFHxA row, Carpet column | Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in consumer products |
| Breast milk | <LOD | ng/mL | Human milk, e-waste dismantling area, China (n = 150); maximum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, Max column | Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per‐ and Poly‐Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | < LOQ | ng/L | detected below quantification in bottled-water group; paper lists six labels while saying seven | PDF p. 10 (56545), Occurrence in bottled water samples | Occurrence and health risk assessment of PFAS and possible precursors: a case study in a drinking water treatment plant and bottled water (south Catalonia, Spain) |
| Liquid milk, cow | <LOQ | µg/kg | Cow milk; source table mean | PDF p.5 Tables 1 to 2 | Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk - dietary intake and risk assessment |
| Eggs | <LOQ | µg/kg | Chickens eggs; source table mean | PDF p.4 Tables 2 to 3; LOQs p.3 Table 1 | Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances |
| Children's products | 100 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, DF (%) column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Children's products | 21.97 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); mean migration (as reported) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Mean [μg/m²] column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Children's products | 0.22 - 120.73 | µg/m² | Stuffed toys, PFAS migration (not total content); range of migration | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Range [μg/m²] column | Stuffed toys as a source of oral PFAS exposure: Migration into artificial saliva and exposure assessment |
| Children's products | 23% (14/61) | % | Children's and bedding textile products, US (n = 61, targeted analysis); detection frequency (detected/analyzed) | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFHxA row, targeted, number of detections column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Children's products | 35.7 | ng/g | same; maximum | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFHxA row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/g) column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Children's products | 0.736 | ng/cm2 | same; maximum | PDF p.5, Table 3, PFHxA row, targeted, maximum concentration (ng/cm2) column | How Well Do Product Labels Indicate the Presence of PFAS in Consumer Items Used by Children and Adolescents? |
| Bottled drinking water (purified, spring, artesian) | 0.32 | ng/L | bottled-water mean based on detections above MDL; ND literal | PDF p. 4 (4398), Table 1 bottled-water mean and footnotes a/f | Tap vs Bottled: Assessing PFAS Levels and Exposure Risks in Singapore’s Drinking Water |
| Period underwear and reusable menstrual garments | 26.3% | ng/g | Reusable feminine hygiene products, US (N = 19); detection frequency | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFHxA row, DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Reusable Feminine Hygiene Products |
| Period underwear and reusable menstrual garments | ND−5.87 | ng/g | Reusable feminine hygiene products, US (N = 19); range | PDF p.3, Table 1, PFHxA row, Range (ng/g) column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Reusable Feminine Hygiene Products |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 84.0 | ng/g | Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, School uniform DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 1.60 | ng/g | Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); median (non-detects set to 1/2 MDL) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, School uniform Median column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | ND-6.47 | ng/g | Children's products, China, School uniform (n = 25); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, School uniform Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 81.3 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Outdoor wear DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | 0.502 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); median (non-detects set to 1/2 MDL) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Outdoor wear Median column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Textiles, apparel and outdoor gear | ND-3.38 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Outdoor wear (n = 16); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Outdoor wear Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | 62.5 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); detection frequency (%) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Miscellaneous DF column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | 0.213 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); median (non-detects set to 1/2 MDL) | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Miscellaneous Median column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Children's products | ND-6.42 | ng/g | Children's products, China, Miscellaneous (n = 16); range | PDF p.5, Table 1, PFHxA row, Miscellaneous Range column | Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in North American School Uniforms |
| Breast milk | 32.4 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); detection rate (%) | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, DR (%) column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | <LOQ | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); minimum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, Min column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | <LOQ | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); median | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, 50th column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 6.789 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); 95th percentile | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, 95th column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |
| Breast milk | 238.0 | ng/L | Human milk, China (n = 1,151); maximum | PDF p.6, Table 2, PFHxA row, Max column | Emerging and Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Breastfed Chinese Infants: Renal Clearance, Body Burden, and Implications |